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The Hypocritical Christian is Michael Brundeen, a former ordained minister and pastor of the PCUSA. He is a sinner and fellow sorjourner in life with everyone else. He is a Christian, a hypocrite, a theologian, a father, a salesman, and a writer.

The Power of the Gospel

Read Romans 1: 16-17

Why is the Gospel so important? Paul says that it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes. Think about that for a moment. Paul says that it is not the power of salvation alone, but the very power of God!

The power of God? The greek word is dunamis; the root from which we get the words dynamic, dynamo, and dynamite. The power of God is something awesome and explosive. That should come as no surprise. The power of God created all that we perceive through his spoken word. The power of God parted the Red Sea. The power of God caused the Israelites to tremble in fear as God descended upon Sinai. That’s just a few instances from the Old Testament. In the New Testament, we see the power of God still storms, cleanse lepers, change water into wine, and raise Jesus from the dead. The power that did all of that, Paul says, is the same power that is inherent in the gospel.

Gospel means good news. Euangellion (where we get our word evangelism) is the singular form of the word. The plural form of the word was a common greeting in the Roman world. It was the equivalent of saying “good tidings” to a stranger or a friend upon meeting. The Christians used the singular form very early to express, in one word, the work and resurrection of Jesus.

They chose this word, because the singular form was used by Greek translators for Isaiah 61:1:

“The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because YHWH has anointed me to bring good news (gospel) to the afflicted; he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives and freedom to the prisoners; to proclaim the favorable year of the LORD and the day of vengeance of our GOd…”

You may recall that this is the portion of the scroll that Jesus reads in the synagogue of Nazareth (Luke 4) and when it comes time to provide the commentary on the passage he says, “Today this Scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.” The work of Jesus Christ is the fulfilment of the prophecies of Isaiah about how YHWH would set the world to rights.

When the followers of John the Baptist come to Jesus and ask for confirmation that he is the one to come Jesus replies, “Go and tell John what you have seen and heard: the blind receive sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them. Blessed is he who does not take offense at Me.” (Luke 7: 20-23). Essentially, Jesus says do you not see the prophecy of Isaiah playing out in my actions and words?

Paul says he is not ashamed of the Gospel because it is the power of God for salvation. When he says he is not ashamed he likely is referring to the above comment from Jesus and a similar sentiment expressed in Luke 9: 26. The stakes are high for those who choose not to believe the Gospel.

Isn’t it amazing to consider that the very power of creation is available to those of us who believe in Jesus Christ? Remarkably, that is what scripture teaches us. When we profess our belief in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior (another shorthand for the work and resurrection of Jesus Christ), we are empowered by the very same power that raised him from the dead! You might even say that we are given the power to be transformed (rather than conformed) into something new. We are given the power to live the life of the World to come in the here and now.

The gospel is available to all. This is precisely what Paul means when he says the gospel is for all who believe, to the Jew first and also the Greek. In Jewish though there were two broad groups of people. You were either a Jew (the people of God) or you were everyone else. Because the world in his day was dominated by the culture of Greeks, they were the ethnicity that was chosen to represent the gentiles, meaning all non-Jews. So Paul means the message and the power is meant for the benefit of all. It is universal.

Too often Christians, particularly Western Christians raised in a culture that promotes the importance of the individual, limits this salvation and power simply to the gift of eternal life. Many Christians are only interested in getting into heaven. They want the equivalent of fire insurance! This salvation we experience certainly includes the gift of eternal life. It is also being able to bring all of our concerns (shelter, food, clothing, health, etc.) to the hearing of God. Salvation is the meeting of our needs and the peace that we can have during trials and tribulations. The thing that is often neglected though is that it is more than our individual concerns and needs being met, it is even more than the collection of all of our individual concerns, it is the victory of God over sin and death. The correction to the carnage that our collective sin has unleashed on the world throughout history.

A careful reading of the Old Testament reveals that the purpose of the calling of the Israelites out of Egypt, and the covenant made at Sinai that established them as the people of God, was for the faithfulness of God to continue the blessing promised to all the nations of the earth through Abraham. That’s not the end of the purpose though. As we saw in a previous post, it was also to eventually complete the promise made to Eve by bringing forth Jesus at the right time to achieve the solution to sin.

“He made him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.” (2 Corinthians 5:21). The very righteousness that Paul says is revealed in the gospel from faith to faith. What does that mean?

Scholars agree that Paul quotes the prophet Habakkuk. The prophet says that he will stand at the rampart and await the word of YHWH. He is answered by God, “For the vision is yet for the appointed time; it hastens toward the goal and it will not fail. Though it tarries, wait for it; for it will certainly come, it will not delay. Behold as for the proud one, his soul is not right within him; but the righteous will live by his faith.”

The proud person is the one who relies not on the LORD but on their own strength. The proud ones are those who trust in their own righteousness. God says that the righteous though will live by faith.

Why faith to faith? Paul clearly indicates here that there are two faiths at work and that one faith is transferred or passed to another. There are different ways to understand this when taken in isolation. Later in Romans, Paul will ask how anyone can come to proclaim Christ as Lord without hearing the gospel? So, one understanding would be that faithful Christians must share gospel truth to others that they too might confess Christ and experience salvation.

There is little doubt that we are to tell others about our faith in Christ. This is a consistent message of the New Testament, one could even say that it is the mission statement of the Church given that Christ says to “go out into all the world making disciples of all nations…“; however, this is not the meaning that Paul intends. “From faith to faith” is the faith of Christ to the faith of us.

Look again at the verse from 2 Corinthians above. Christ was made sin that we might be made righteous. To this add what Paul wrote to the Philippians explaining the unsurpassable value of knowing Christ, “not having a righteousness of my own derived from the Law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which comes from God on the basis of faith…”. This interpretation is made only more likely when we consider that the Greek translation of Habakkuk reads “The righteous one will live by his faith.”

As we will see later in our journey through Romans, Christ is the righteous one, the only sinless one, and his faithful life has accomplished what neither Israel nor anyone else could have done. Through him there is a path to righteousness from God that also justifies us in the sight of the Lord. Sin separates us eternally from God. Christ’s death and resurrection reverses this reality for those who believe.

Won’t you choose today to believe in who Jesus is and what he has done? Now is the time to invite the power of the gospel to transform you forevermore.

A final thought for those who already have put their faith and trust in the Lord Jesus Christ. The passage in Habakkuk is also quoted in Hebrews. There it used to remind the faithful (those who live in the sphere of the Spirit) that they must persevere because of the promised return of Christ. Beginning in 10:36 we are told “For you have need of endurance, so that when you have done the will of God, you may receive what was promised ‘for yet in a little while, He who is coming will come, and not delay. But my Righteous One shall live by his faith; and if he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him. We are not those who shrink back to destruction but those who have faith to the preserving of the soul.”

May it be so among us!

Vaya con Dios!

Feel free to use this Bible Study for your own groups or discussion.  It is freely given. If you do I merely ask that you acknowledge where you got it and if you find it useful that you encourage others to seek it out. It is freely given and written with fear, foreboding, and prayer by a fellow hypocrite who is simply trying to figure out the road ahead.

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Jesus Christ is Lord

Read Romans 1: 1-11

There are portions of the Bible that folks tend to read through quickly because they seem a little monotonous. The list of names in Chronicles or the dietary laws in Deuteronomy come to mind. Almost every letter Paul wrote to Churches begins with an introduction of himself that can seem “old hat” to the student of scripture. We allow ourselves to be lulled into a false sense of “heard this all many times before”.

When it comes to the Letter to the Romans, we would be wise to pay close attention.

Paul was last Apostle called directly by Jesus for the working of spreading the gospel. Not the last person called to this task only the last person whom Jesus spoke to directly. All the apostles before Paul had been called in a person-to-person conversation. Paul saw Jesus in a vision and heard him speaking to him directly. He begins this letter calling himself the bond-servant of Christ.

The real word is slave. Most modern English translations soften the language because of the long history of slavery in the Western World. While this is understandable something is lost even in this first verse because we do not understand the word the way Paul’s audience would have understood it. In the Roman Empire there were slaves of many types. The important thing was a slave was not thought of as property so much as the consequence of one group being dominated by another. Slaves were the people who had been conquered and now had to live out a life bound to the will of the family that they served. There was a Paterfamilias (the Parent of the Family) at the top that held the power of life or death over the slave. The Paterfamilias was also called by the title Dominus or the one whom had dominion. All of this and more can be read about in Wikipedia.

Reflect now on how the first listeners heard these words. In a few syllables, Paul communicates he was one who had been conquered by Christ Jesus, that Christ Jesus was the Paterfamilias, the Dominus, and Paul was slave to that household. Had they been aware that Paul was a Roman citizen the claimed status of slave would be even more striking. He goes on to say that his servitude was for the purposes of the gospel, to explain what that gospel message is about.

When was the last time you read the Old Testament? If it has been a while you may want to go back and dive in. Why? Because according to Paul the gospel is contained in the Old Testament. Check out the second verse (which in reality is a clause in a much longer run-on sentence that culminates at verse 7!): “which he promised beforehand through His prophets in the holy Scriptures; concerning his son…“

Paul is not alone in saying that the message of the Gospel is found in what we today call the Old Testament. Twice, Jesus demonstrates this same truth. In Luke, the travelers to Emmaus encounter a stranger along the way who asks the question, “was it not necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and enter into His glory? Then beginning with Moses and with all the prophets He explained to them the things concerning Himself in all the scriptures.” (Spoiler Alert! the stranger is Jesus.)

Later he appears to the first disciples and says “These are My words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things are written about me in Law of Moses and the Prophets, and the Psalms must be fulfilled. Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures.”

Jesus read the Old Testament. So should we.

The writer of Hebrews begins his great letter with no introduction but with these words: “God, after he spoke long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many portions and in many ways, in these last days has spoken to us in his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom he also made the world…“. We will get back to that last part soon enough, but there it is again that the Old Testament contains the truth of the Gospel.

It was the Old Testament that Paul went back and studied after he regained his sight (figuratively and literally) to understand how it was that the crucified Jesus of Nazareth could be alive and speaking to him when he had traveled to Damascus. Luckily for us Paul gives us the shorthand version in the salutation of this letter.

“...His son, born of a descendant of David according to the flesh, who was declared the Son of God with power by the resurrection according to the Spirit of Holiness, Jesus Christ our Lord.” Here we see that Jesus is the promised Messiah (heir to the throne of David) and that after the resurrection he has been empowered as the Lord. (Jesus, the Christ, our Lord would be an acceptable alternative translation.) This is the shortest way that you can summarize the story of Jesus found in the Old Testament. A little longer way to flesh it out would be to say that Jesus is the one promised to Eve who will defeat Satan. Jesus is the heir of Abraham through whom all the people of the world shall be blessed. He is the heir promised to David who shall sit on the throne for all eternity. He is the one Jeremiah spoke of who would bring about the new covenant in which the law would be written on the believer’s hearts and God would remember their sins no more. He is the Suffering servant of Isaiah by whose stripes we are healed. The one who would be YHWH returning to his temple promised in Ezekiel. The son of righteousness rising with healing in his wings according to Malachi. (The list is virtually endless!)

Still, there is more in this quick summary than meets the eye. A long running argument (controversy, even heresy depending on how one views these things) exists in the Christian world about the divinity of Christ. In the earliest centuries of Church history, the argument took the form of adoptionism. The idea being that Jesus was just a man like any other until God chose to adopt him as his son. When the adoption took place was argued both at the baptism and after the resurrection. In more recent times the argument centers around when did Christians decide that Jesus was God. This controversy reignited late in the last century over the idea that there were so called gnostic Christians who were shut out by the orthodox but who had the right idea all along about who Jesus really was. Our enemy, the eternal liar, wants people to question the divinity of Jesus. A Jesus who is nothing special is a Jesus who can be ignored.

Some of those who argued for adoptionism pointed to this verse in Romans. To them, even Paul is suggesting that Jesus is appointed to his special role after the resurrection. This is a poor understanding of Paul and the early Christians. So as not to get bogged down into translation issues I will remind you of four different voices of the first generation of Christians who suggest otherwise.

We will start with Paul. To the Philippians he writes of Jesus, “Although he existed in the form of God, he did not regard equality with God as something to be grasped but emptied himself taking the form of a slave being made in the likeness of man.”

Luke writes that the angel Gabriel told Mary, “The Holy Spirit shall come upon you and the power of the Most High shall overshadow you; and for that reason, the holy child shall be called the Son of God.“

In Hebrews (continuing the passage quoted above), “and He is the radiance of His Glory and the exact representation of His nature and upholds all things by the word of His power. When he made purification of sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on High...”.

And our fourth witness is the Gospel of John where we read “In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God… and the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.”

The Bible is quite clear that Jesus is God.

Paul is not saying that Jesus became the Lord after the resurrection but rather in the same way that a prince is always the king even before the coronation, Jesus is declared the Lord after the resurrection. He does not become it in that moment but is revealed as always having been that from the beginning. One needs to look no further, in my estimation, than the repeated use of Lord as a title for Jesus. Paul was a good Jew. A faithful well-educated rabbi. He knew that the word Lord was the word that the Jews had used for centuries to avoid saying the sacred name (YHWH) aloud. He would never have used the title lightly for Jesus.

Many scholars like to side-step this reality by saying that the use of Lord for Jesus was a political statement to draw the distinction between Jesus and Ceasar (the emperor cult in Rome was already, at this point, beginning to deify Caesar) who was known as Lord of the Earth. It is true that declaring Jesus as Lord was a political statement in that day (as it is in our own context), but that fact does not diminish the truth of who the first century Christians understood Jesus to be.

And if he is Lord, then he is worthy of our faith and obedience, which is what Paul says is the purpose of the preaching of the gospel. “Through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the gentiles for His name’s sake, among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ.”

So, we can draw 3 conclusions from this short passage. First, that Jesus is the promised one of the Old Testament. Two, that Jesus is the Lord God. Three, he is worthy of our faith and obedience.

Wow. Isn’t scripture amazing?

If this is your first time to The Hypocritical Christian, welcome, I am glad that you are here. Honored that you would consider reading at all. Thank you for reading to this point in the post. We are in the midst of a journey through Romans, where we are seeking to understand how we are to be “transformed by the renewing of our minds” (Rom 12:2). Along the way we are going to incorporate other portions of scripture from throughout the Bible but principally from Luke, Philippians, and Hebrews.

At the risk of going too long, I want to highlight briefly two words that will be essential to our understanding of Romans and Paul’s desire that we are not conformed but transformed (this I believe is the spiritual gift that Paul wishes to impart mentioned in Romans 1:11); flesh and spirit.

Paul, a good student of the Old Testament, believes that with Christ’s resurrection a new age has begun. This new age is the age of the Spirit. The Age of the Spirit (wherein believers exist in the power of the Holy Spirit) continues until the return of Jesus and the world is finally set to right again as described in Revelation 21-22. The age of the Flesh is how the world operated until the advent of Jesus and continues to operate for non-believers until the second coming of Christ.

For now, think of it this way. All of us exist in the sphere of the Flesh. We will spend the next several posts discussing the sphere of the flesh and the ways in which it manifests itself individually and collectively all around us. Then we will begin discussing how the age of Spirit, which has broken in, changes us as we become believers (or continue on as believers) and how the influence of that Age should impact our thoughts and behaviors.

This image can help us understand:

As believers we currently exist in a bifurcated world. We are perpetually influenced by both the world (Age of the Flesh) and the presence of the Holy Spirit (Age of the Spirit). To put it simply these two spheres are the influence which seeks to conform us and the influence that has the power to transform us.

But all of that is for future posts.

Peace to you on your journey. Vaya Con Dios!

Feel free to use this Bible Study for your own groups or discussion.  It is freely given. If you do I merely ask that you acknowledge where you got it and if you find it useful that you encourage others to seek it out. It is freely given and written with fear, foreboding, and prayer by a fellow hypocrite who is simply trying to figure out the road ahead.

4

Take Me to the Other Side

We have been travelling on a journey of transformation, trying to understand Paul’s letter to the church in Rome. In the previous post, we began unravelling the mystery of God’s mercy. If you read that post, then you now know that the mercy of God is his forgiveness and provision for those who love him. In this post, we will look at the other side of mercy.

As a reminder, Paul tells us in Romans 12, that it is because of the mercies of God that we are to be living sacrifices, transformed by the renewal of our minds and not conformed to the way of the world. Last time we looked at Jesus’ story of the Samaritan to illustrate the provision and compassion of God that mercy requires of us. Today, we start with another of the parables in Luke that illustrates mercy.

Tax Collectors and sinners gathered regularly around Jesus. We are told in Luke that one of the frequent complaints of the good people about Jesus is that he welcomed these people and ate with them. The world is always good at labelling sinners. The “un-desireables” vary from generation to generation and culture to culture, but there are always those whom the world labels and gives up on. Jesus gave up on nobody.

In Luke 15, the religious people are concerned about how Jesus welcomes any and all. So, he replies with parables like the lost sheep and the lost coin. He tells them that Heaven itself is filled with rejoicing when one of the lost returns to the Lord. Each of those parables starts as a rhetorical question, “who among you would fail to act the same?” Then Jesus brings it so very close to home.

He says that a certain young man tells his father to give him his coming inheritance. In that culture it was the equivalent of a child telling their parent to “drop dead”. The young man then travels to what is described as a far country where he squanders his inheritance in loose living and find himself at what the alcoholics refer to as rock bottom.

The young man decides to swallow his pride and return to his father. He will throw himself at his father’s feet and become a servant rather than an heir because he has learned the errors of his ways. Anyone hearing this story would have connected with the parent who was wronged. Judgment of the son upon his return was the anticipated result.

Instead, Jesus tells us that when the son was still a long way off, the Father ran! Again, this was not a culture in which grown men ran for anything but fear and battle. Yet the father ran to meet the son! Before the son can even give his rehearsed speech, he is met with forgiveness and love. He is given a choice robe, the signet ring that marks him as an heir, and a celebration will be had with a fatted calf. He experiences mercy, unconditional love and provision.

Here at the end of the story Jesus reveals that there is an older brother; a sibling who has not done anything wrong. He has served the father in the proper ways and has not squandered any of the resources entrusted to him. He has been patient and dare we say righteous in his relationship to the Father. The older brother refuses to participate in the celebration because he cannot see past the behavior of his sibling.

The father comes out to urge the other son to join the party. The son reminds the father of all that the younger brother did no doubt certain that his judgment against the son is correct. Where is the justice in these actions you have taken to welcome him back in? That is the question on his mind.

The father replies “My son, you are always with me and all that I have is yours, but we had to celebrate your brother’s return because he was dead but now, he is alive; he was lost and now is found.”

Let’s be clear. The Father in the story is God. The inheritance is the loving provision, protection, and salvation that God provides. All of us are in some way the younger brother who rejects God and seeks to live life on our own terms, until we experience the revelation that we need God in our lives. The tragedy is that many of us after experiencing the salvation of God found in Jesus Christ become the older brother.

Content in the love of God and his forgiveness, too many Christians become judgmental. We no longer look at others with eyes of mercy. We are quick to count faults, remember past misdeeds, and think that God should lead with judgment instead of mercy towards those who wish to return. Somehow, the people of faith, who have experienced mercy, are quick to withhold the same grace from others. In their hearts they believe that they are maintaining the sanctity of the faith, but in reality, they have missed the truth of God’s grace from the beginning. If God has forgiven you of your sins, then he will forgive anyone of their sins.

“The mercies of the LORD are new every morning,” Jeremiah says. If that is true (and it is!) then those mercies are fresh and new each day for everyone. Those who have been transformed know this. Not only do they know this, but they join in the celebration when those who were lost are found. They do not sit outside and go “tsk, tsk”. They do not say “yeah, but what about…”. Instead, they say “Praise the LORD, for his mercy is from everlasting to everlasting!”

In Hebrews 9:11-28, we are told how the blood of Jesus on the cross is so much more effectual than the blood of the bulls and goats that were sacrificed on the altar in the temple. You can read the whole passage following the link above, but the point is driven home with these words: “how much more then will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our conscienses from the acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God! For this reason, Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised inheritance — now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.“

This is the mercy that Paul is referring to when he writes “I urge you therefore because of the mercies of God to present yourselves as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God, this is your true and proper worship.“

True Christians have experienced the forgiveness effected by the cross of Christ. True Christians are committed to extending this same mercy to everyone. Not conformed (the world seeks to judge and lessen) but rather transformed (the spirit person is merciful and edifies) by the renewal of the mind. True Christians know that God has forgiven them, and they should then forgive others. Be merciful because your Father in Heaven is merciful.

Why do so many Christians get this wrong? I suspect that it is pride. Once forgiven it is easy enough for a person to think they somehow earned or deserved that forgiveness. Pride tells us God loves us because we deserved that love. Pride tells us that we are more deserving than others. These thoughts are not the mindset of those living as the transformed.

There is an Aerosmith song entitled Take Me to the Other Side. It is not a gospel tune. Small surprise there, right? It does however contain this lyric. “Forget about your foolish pride. Take me to the other side.” Perhaps that should be our prayer. “Lord help me to forget my foolish pride and take me to the other side.” The other side is where Christ is waiting.

Peace to you on your own journey. Vaya con Dios!

4

Mercy, Mercy Me

The previous post began our journey through Romans. You can read it here. If you are up to date, you know that we ended that post by saying that “it all begins with mercy.”

“Therefore, I urge all of you because of the mercies of God” Paul writes in Romans 12:1. The therefore at the start of 12 is the culmination of all that Paul has written to the church in Rome up to that point; so, if this is the culmination of his argument, then mercy is a key thing to understand.

Mercy is everywhere in the scriptures. These posts on Romans are an effort to synthesize a three-year bible study that I led. The first year we walked through the Gospel of Luke. We encountered mercy over and over again. For Example: when Mary begins to prophesize after the angel Gabriel has come, she recites Psalm 103: “His mercy is upon generation after generation toward those who fear Him.” Likewise, Zacharias says “because of the tender mercy of our God with which the Sunrise from on high will visit us” referring to the promised messiah. Perhaps most importantly though Jesus himself highlights mercy to his followers.

Jesus in the midst of the beatitudes and preaching in Luke says “Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.” This is not just a suggestion; it is something that is to be true of those who follow God. We are to be merciful. The parallel passage in Matthew expresses the same point differently. There the word is perfect. “Study to be perfect as your father in heaven is perfect.” Now that can cause a lot of grief for a person, because I don’t know about you, but I fail at perfection usually in the first hour of my day. Perfection is an ideal. But Luke helps us to understand that being perfect like God means being merciful!

We will come back to that thought in a minute but first we need to consider another place where Jesus highlights mercy. One day, a lawyer challenges Jesus to explain what it means to love your neighbor by asking “who is my neighbor?”. Jesus replies with a parable (the story of the good Samaritan) that culminates in this question, “Whom do you suppose was the neighbor to the man who was left for dead?”; the answer given “the one who showed mercy to him” is met with the response “go and do the same.”

The underlying Greek word for mercy is eleos. It is a word with a rich and deep meaning. In the New Testament the word means more than forgiveness, although it does mean forgiving a debt or providing pardon. Eleos also means compassion, generosity, and provision. The Samaritan did all of this in the story. In that manner he acted like his Father, God.

In Exodus 34, God offers a self-description to Moses: “The LORD, the LORD God, merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in lovingkindness (hesed) and truth…“. Mercy is so important to the character of YHWH that it is the first adjective used in his self-description!

Hebrew scholars note that the word for mercy and the word for womb have the same trilateral root. In Biblical Hebrew, all words are built outward from three core consonants. These “roots” provide insight into the meaning behind the word. We do something similar in English. You can understand the English word enlightenment if you know the meaning of light as to illumine or make something easier to see. The womb is a place of love, safety, and provision for the baby. It is in the womb that the strong bonds of love are first formed between mother and child. The womb is a place where the growing child is kept safe and where all that is needed is provided.

Saying God is merciful is to say that he loves unconditionally, that God forms us, and we grow when connected to him. Saying God is merciful means that he provides everything that we need. We see aspects of this mercy throughout Luke, not only with the Samaritan, but also when Jesus feeds the 5000, heals the demoniacs, and when he promises the thief on the cross that that very day, he would join him in Paradise. Mercy all around!

The writer of Hebrews shares “we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God… therefore lets us draw near with confidence to the throne of grace, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need.“

What does this have to do with Paul and his Letter to the Romans?

Paul grew up learning all that we know as the Old Testament. Early in his life, he felt that he understood all of who God was, what it meant that he was merciful and gracious; righteous and just. Paul was so certain of his understanding he persecuted the Christians in Jerusalem and other places because he was certain that they were heretics sharing falsehoods about God. Then it all changed. After encountering Jesus in a vision, he rededicated his understanding of those scriptures to comprehend what it meant for someone to have risen from the dead. By the time Paul is writing to Rome, and by the grace of God to us as well, he is able to say because of the mercies of God (his provision, his protection, his transforming spirit, and his salvation) we are to provide ourselves as living sacrifices.

Our forgiveness and justification in Christ Jesus are just the starting point. Now we are to live out mercy-filled lives in response to what God has done for us. This is our “rightful worship”. The path of your transformation follows opportunities of mercy, and it means so much more than just being more forgiving.

Some will recognize a Marvin Gaye song from the title of this post. Not particularly theological, but the song begins “oh mercy, mercy me, things aren’t what they seem to be, no.” In our next post we will start at the beginning of Romans and start seeing that the world isn’t what it seems. Until then the title of this post is a prayer you can live this week.

In Exodus when God describes himself it is written that he descended from the cloud and proclaimed the Name of the Lord. “YHWH, YHWH ELOHIM, a god of Mercy…” mercy is not just what God does but it is who God is! So, the title is a prayer best read this way: “MERCY, mercy me.”

Thank you for reading. If this post blessed you, please share it with someone else. As always it is freely given. You are welcome to use it although it would be nice if you credited where it came from.

Peace to you on your own journey, Vaya con Dios!

2

Be Transformed: a Journey through Romans

Have you ever wanted to know the will of God? Sure. Really everyone has at one time or another. Christians ask questions such as “Why is God allowing this to happen to me?” “What is God trying to teach me in this moment?” Even atheists, before the hard-shell of disbelief fully solidifies, struggle with the idea of knowing the will of God. When they make the statement “I cannot believe in a god that would allow children to suffer” or “Why doesn’t God stop all suffering if He is all-powerful and loving?” In all these instances there is a desire to understand the will of God.

The 12th Chapter of the Book of Romans begins with this:

“Therefore, I urge you, in light of the mercy of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God, which is your spiritual worship. Do not be conformed to this world but rather be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may discern what is the good, acceptable, and perfect will of God.“

Herein is scripture’s answer to the question “How do I know what God’s will is?” Want to be able to determine the will of God? Then present your whole self as a living sacrifice and arrange your mind and heart on the proper trajectory. As often is the case with the best questions the answer opens up to something deeper to understand. Let us work backwards for a bit so that we can then plunge deeper.

If we want to know the will of God, that which Paul describes as good, acceptable, and perfect, then we must first learn to think rightly. There is a focus, a mindset, a worldview, a direction (whatever you want to call it) that will enable any of us to discern God’s will. Some well-versed students of scripture may respond, “does it not say that the Lord says that ‘my ways are not your ways; my thoughts are not your thoughts'”? IT does! This may seem contradictory. To be sure, I am not suggesting that we can fully know the mind of God nor ever completely understand all there is to know about him. But I am saying that there is a way for us to discern God’s will in our lives and in the world around us. These truths can exist side by side. Furthermore, the very fact that God’s ways and thoughts are not our ways and thoughts reenforces the idea that we have to change our own thinking in order to discern. The thought process we are going to be discovering together is not natural to a person.

Do not to be conformed to this world but rather be transformed by the renewing of our minds.

There are four words in the passage that we need to briefly touch on. First is mind. Here Paul is referring to more than simply our brains and intellect. Paul didn’t use the other normal words for mind found in Greek. He used nous. This comes from the Greek verb for perception and understanding. So, this is more than just thoughts, but intentionality. It is both how we think and what we do. This intentionality derives from the way that we see and perceive things.

Imagine that you are walking and see a man grabbing at an elderly woman on a street corner. You may think to yourself that he is assaulting the woman. You may think he is robbing her. Then you realize he is preventing her from stepping in front of traffic. The difference in the three is perception. Once you have all the inputs the intentionality of the action is clear.

Another example. If you were reading in your home and suddenly hear loud popping sounds and explosions, you might be afraid that something horrible was happening outside. If you remember that it is New Year’s Eve, you will be less afraid for your life and more afraid for your roof because you will have discerned that those sounds are from fireworks and a celebration is happening.

Paul says that we can discern God’s will by the renewal of our nous through transformation, the second of the four words. The Greek is a word that we are all familiar with metamorphosis, the changing of one thing into another thing. The most common example is of course the caterpillar that enters the cocoon and exits a butterfly. Once common and green with lots of feet and strange bendy locomotion now with beautiful wings and flight! I was at a funeral once when the preacher shared that the caterpillar actually becomes a soupy mixture inside the cocoon. All that the caterpillar was is gone. The butterfly is literally something new.

Something that can be lost in the English translations is how the transformation is taking place. Without getting into the weeds of verb tenses and grammar, the simple point is this transformation is happening to you it is not of your own doing. Like the caterpillar the metamorphosis is outside of our control. How can this be? It is the work of the Holy Spirit. While this is not self-evident in these verses, as we journey through Romans together it will become more obvious.

A quick note about the trajectory that we are on. Over the past three years I conducted a weekly Bible Study where we studied in this order Luke, Hebrews, Philippians, and Romans. This Bible Study was part of the reason that it took so long for me to complete the blog post series on Mark. This post is the first in a series on Romans wherein I am going to try and integrate and convey all that I learned over those three years. While Romans will serve as the roadmap, we will take rest stops and side trips into those other books I mentioned along the way. The overall journey I pray will be mutually beneficial.

While the transformation is not something that we “make happen” there is a way in which we can allow the transformation to flow more easily in our lives. There is something that we can do to get out of our own way to what the Holy Spirit is trying to accomplish in us. We can experience the transformation more readily only if we are not conformed to this world.

Conformed is the third word. Conformity is often poorly spoken of because it presents the image of being like everyone else. Young people are often masters of conformity, but truth be told so are adults. One 18th century theologian wrote “all men are born original and die copies.”

When I was in boot camp we went through a structured regimen of conformity. We were issued the same clothes, given the same hair cut (shaved), and went through the same daily routine at the same time. We were being made to conform so that we could act as a team and think collectively and not as individuals. Conformity by itself is not a bad thing. As believers we are to conform to the image of Christ. As I type this the Summer Olympics are happening. I can assure you that the swimmers are more successful conforming to the strokes that they were taught than to conform to the things that I do when I am in the pool. The problem with conformity is not the action itself but the object of the conformity. Which leads us to the fourth word.

Do not be conformed to this world.

We live in a post-modern world where facts are “fluid,” and all things are only true in so far as they are believed to be true. That is not the world of God. We also live in a world that teaches that we must put ourselves first. We live in a world that suggests that coming out on top and survival are the only things that matter. I could go on and on, but it would belabor the point, and I suspect that most people who have read this far understand that there is a disconnect between most of what we call culture (no matter where you live) and the ways of God.

I do want to clarify that when Paul uses the term world here, he is not trying to denounce the actual physical creation. World here is a way of saying the current Age. For Paul there is the current Age and the Age to come. We will see as we go through Romans together that Paul typically refers to the current age as the flesh and the age to come as the spirit. This may seem confusing. No matter what words are used for the distinction, the concept is what will shape you and how you live. I prefer to think of them as spheres of influence on your mind and soul.

There is a focus, a mindset, a worldview, a direction (whatever you want to call it) of the world that shapes our thoughts and actions. Paul is telling us that if we want to understand the will of God then we have to have eyes to see the distinctions between the two spheres that influence us. We develop those eyes by resisting conformity and allowing transformation.

Let’s reconsider the verses again, this time with a more paraphrased translation:

“Therefore, I urge yall, because of God’s mercy to present your bodies as a living sacrifice set-apart from the world around you and striving to embody God’s ways. This is the sort of worship that a person with the Holy Spirit offers. Resist conforming to this world by embracing the Spirit’s transformation of your every thought and intentions so that you can come to understand the good, acceptable, and perfect will of God.“

In order to learn how to embrace this other way of thinking, doing, and being we will need to begin our journey through Romans. We need to unpack and understand all that Paul has written up to the “therefore” that begins chapter 12. As I mentioned above, to do so we will be drawing on other parts of scripture emphasizing Luke, Hebrews, and Philippians specifically. Our journey into how to be transformed begins with the first highlighted word above: mercy.

But that is for next time. Thank you for reading. If this post blessed you, please share it with a someone else. As always it is freely given. You are welcome to use it although it would be nice if you credited where it came from.

Peace to you on your own journey, vaya con Dios!

4

The Martha Moment

Read John Chapter 11.

The eleventh chapter of John outlines the raising of Lazarus from the dead, an act that is the final straw for the Jewish authorities who are threatened by the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. After this miracle we are told that the powers that be make the decision that the Jesus movement must be stopped.

John sets the stage quickly for us. He tells us that a certain man named Lazarus, loved by Jesus, has taken deathly ill. Lazarus has two sisters well-known to NT readers, Mary and Martha. When word reaches Jesus he intentionally delays his journey back to Bethany by two days. There is a discussion amongst Jesus and the disciples about the wisdom of going back to Judea especially to a town so near to Jerusalem given the heightened tensions between Jesus and the authorities. Jesus and the twelve return and Jesus confronts death with victory to reveal the glory of God.

Why does Jesus delay?

Chances are good that your Bible has a subtitle to this chapter like “the death of Lazarus” or “the raising of Lazarus”. Because of this it is easy to miss out on something profound. I want to suggest to you that this is really a story about Martha.

We are told that Jesus loves Lazarus and his family. John actually tells us this in two different ways and the difference is significant. When the message is sent to Jesus about how sick Lazarus is the wording is “Lord, behold, he whom you love is sick.” (11:3). The word for loved used her is philo, the Greek word that describes the bonds of fidelity and friendship that yokes people together one to another. It is a word for love that captures that connection but can also be used for the love that is appreciative. In the United States, the city of Philadelphia, gets its name from this Greek word: hence, “the City of Brotherly Love”. In verse 5 though a different word is used, “Now, Jesus loved Martha, and her sister and Lazarus.” Agape is the word used here. Agape is the word for the sacrificial love that renders itself selflessly for the other. This is the love that exists regardless of the worth of the other; love that continues regardless of the response of the other. It is the love that God shows in John 3:16 and the love that Jesus commands for us to show one another in John 14:34.

Two things have been revealed in verse 5. The depth of the love Jesus had for Martha, Mary, and Lazarus; and that Martha is mentioned first. This is our clue that the story is about her.

Jesus delays his return for two days and then sets out for Bethany and arrives too late. Lazarus has been dead for four days. When he arrives, he remains on the edges of town. The community and the family are gathered together in mourning. Today we would say that they are sitting Shiva, a designated week of mourning, to show respect to the deceased and their loved ones. Martha receives word that Jesus has arrived and goes out to greet him. They have a terse exchange. “Lord, if you had been here my brother would not have died” (verse 21). I cannot help but think that she has an anguished, perhaps even accusatory tone. Her brother, whom she loves is dead, and the one that she knows could have done something to prevent it has not acted.

You know this feeling.

All of us have lost a loved one to death. All of us have known a tragedy where we had hoped and prayed that God would change the outcome. All of us know this pain.

Some will say, but wait, Martha also indicates that even in this pain she knows that Jesus can do something. She is not angry she is simply stating the obvious and asking him to act now. While I can see that in the rest of the verse as well, the fact that Mary says the same thing a few verses later tells me that the recrimination is there. Also, it is human nature. Grief is deep pain. I think the story speaks more truthfully when we hear it with all the angst we know she must have felt. “Lord, if you had been here my brother would not be dead”.

It is useful to compare verses 20 and 32. Martha we are told went out to Jesus and spoke to him. Mary when she goes out “quickly” to meet Jesus she falls at his feet and says the very same words “Lord if you had been here my brother would not have died”. See the distinction? Martha confronts Jesus. Mary takes a prostrate position, a worshipful stance. Mary’s response reads more like the lament of the faithful, seeking to understand God’s inaction.

Before we go on a reminder of what else we know about Martha and Mary. In Luke’s gospel we have a short story about a time that Jesus stayed in the sisters’ home. Mary remains at the feet of Jesus neglecting the usual hosting duties of a Jewish woman. Martha is left to handle all the details. Remember Jesus has an entourage of disciples there were likely a great many people about the house that day. When Martha asks the Lord to tell Mary to help Jesus replies “Martha, Martha you are worried and bothered by so many things, but only one thing is necessary. Mary has chosen the better part which shall not be taken from her” (Luke 10:41-42).

Back to John chapter 11. We might say that Martha and Mary are still “on brand”.

Why did Jesus delay? Because this story is about his love for Martha. This is Martha’s moment. This is when she will be moved from an understanding of who Jesus (knowledge) is into a relationship with Jesus (knowing). To put it a different way, Jesus has delayed so that he can reveal the truth about himself in such a way that Martha will no longer just have a faith that is all in her head but a faith that is mind, heart, and soul.

Allow me to show you what I mean. There is a pattern in John’s gospel wherein conversations with Jesus result in statements and questions geared toward bringing the person into a deeper faith and understanding about who Jesus truly is (Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman for example). When confronted by Martha, Jesus responds saying “Your brother will rise again”. Martha says “Yes, Lord, I know that he will arise again in the resurrection on the last day”. Good theologian, Martha, she knows the facts about the resurrection on the day of Judgment when some are raised to eternal life (second life) in the kingdom come and some are raised to judgment and damnation (second death).

“I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in me will live even if he dies and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?” (John 11:25-26).

Even in English we can see the distinction that is present. Martha says that she knows that her brother will rise for the judgment at the end of the age. Jesus wants to take her into a deeper understanding. Knowledge alone is not good enough. He is asking about belief, about faith. Not to get too granular in detail but know that there are two different verbs at work in this exchange. There is a different Greek word Martha has used for knowledge than the Greek word that Jesus has answered back as belief.

Jesus question is a next-level question. He wants to move Martha past an understanding of who he is based on knowing the “right” answers into a relationship with him that produces a living faith. He wants her head knowledge to be strengthened by heart knowledge that renders a faith that produces trust. Jesus wants to help Martha reach the sort of faith that is found in the greatest commandment: “you are to love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength.”

Martha’s answer reveals that she isn’t quite there yet. “I have believed that you are the Christ, the son of God, the one coming into the world.” Don’t get me wrong, this is a strong statement. Everything that she says of Jesus is true; and she uses the same Greek word in response to Jesus that gets translated as belief. All this is good, but her answer does not answer the question Jesus asked.

“I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in me will live even if he dies and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?” (John 11:25-26). The question that was asked was not does she believe that he is the Christ, the son of God. Jesus knows that she knows this. The question being asked is does she believe in him; does she trust him?

Martha has the right knowledge, but it hasn’t moved from things that she knows like other stuff that she knows into something that changes the way that she lives. There are literally millions of Christians just like her. Perhaps you are one of them.

Have you ever heard a sixth-grade band concert? It is a painful experience. Why? Besides the fact that some of the kids are just there because they didn’t want to use athletics as an elective the concert is painful because the notes are just being performed as the individual notes. Each player of each instrument is remembering the difference between a quarter note and a dotted quarter note and where that note is on the staff to produce a sound. In other words, they are beginners. They have knowledge but they do not have the heart component yet. They are not feeling the music.

Some of those young players will go on to be pretty good at their instruments and some will play in a stage band. Here you will begin to hear real music. The players have moved passed the basic understanding of notes into feeling the rhythm and movement of the song. They have made a step passed simple knowledge and it has impacted their musical talent and results of their playing.

Now, contrast that with a professional jazz trio or quartet. Here you see something altogether different and wonderful. These players work off of one another and are able to seamlessly perform solos and improvisations of the theme and melody of the music. They have something beyond simple knowledge of music theory they have a trust in the theory and in each other. They become limitless as musicians when they achieve this level.

Do you see how this can be compared to the believer that learns to love the Lord with all their heart, soul, mind, and strength? Those believers know how to trust in the Lord in every season and in every instance. Likewise, they also are able to learn how to love their neighbor in all instances because they have integrated their head and heart knowledge to Christ.

Lest you think that knowledge–belief–trust is a continuum, I want you to picture it more like this:

This is not the best rendering (figuratively and literally) but the point is to not think that you start with knowledge and go into belief to get to trust. A person can start with either belief or knowledge, but what the Lord desires is for them to develop trust. Martha’s sister, Mary, seems to be on the belief side of the equation. This is seen in that although she comes out to greet Jesus with a worshipful stance she still says, “Had you been here my brother would not have died”.

Some readers may not be convinced about these assertions, but they do continue playing out in this story about Martha. They arrive at the tomb and Jesus tells them to unseal it. Martha questions the wisdom of this because of the stench that is sure to be unleashed. Head knowledge, again. Her brother has been dead for four days. Note the response that Jesus says to her, “Did I not tell you that if you believed you will see the glory of God?”

(I was today’s years old when I learned that in John 11:4 when Jesus says that the sickness of Lazarus is not unto death, but that God will be glorified that this is the message that he sent back to the sisters and not something that he said to the disciples when he received the message.)

Jesus had told Mary and Martha that their brother’s illness would not be unto death. This is why the conversation about him being the resurrection and the life happens. This is why the recrimination in the statement ‘had you been here my brother would not have died”. This is why the delay. Jesus has not only created the conditions for the great sign-act of raising Lazarus from the grave, but he has also created a moment to draw Martha deeper into faith.

At the tomb, there is a representative of all of us. There is Martha, full of knowledge, worried about a great many things but lacking the deeper move into the trust that that knowledge should lead. There is Mary who believes in Jesus but also still needs to go deeper into trust. There are folks in the crowd that want to wait and see what will happen. There are some in the crowd who believe in Jesus but who still doubt what he can do. Finally, there are those who do not believe at all and are even antagonistic to the whole thing.

If you find yourself in the latter groups, the time is now for you to start a relationship with Jesus. Do not delay.

Scripture warns that we are to seek out the Lord while he may be found. While the good news is that Jesus comes to us, through the Holy Spirit, calling us both into faith and into faith deeper still, the admonition to seek while he may be found reveals that there is a time when it will be too late.

John has recorded for us Martha’s moment. For all of us there will come a time, maybe even several moments, when the Lord is going to call us into a deeper trust of who He is. How we respond will make all the difference. For even Jesus himself warned there will be those who will insist that they called him Lord and he will reply that he never knew them.

Have you had your own Martha moment? Ask the Lord for eyes to see and ears to hear so that you do not miss the next one.

Feel free to use this Bible Study for your own groups or discussion.  It is freely given. If you do I merely ask that you acknowledge where you got it and if you find it useful that you encourage others to seek it out. It is freely given and written with fear, foreboding, and prayer by a fellow hypocrite who is simply trying to figure out the road ahead.

1

The Text That Was Added (Mark’s Longer Ending)

With this post my reflections of the Gospel According to Mark come to a close. When I started this project I mistakenly, perhaps foolishly, thought that it would be approximately 16 posts (give or take) on Mark’s Gospel. That was 7 years ago. I did not realize then that the Lord would lead me on a long journey to more fully grasp who he was and what he was revealing in the words of Mark. Such is the nature of faith and the Christian life. Anyone who is in a real relationship with the God of all creation is also in an ongoing conversation with the Creator.

That is the phrase that my Old Testament professor, Andy Dearman, used to describe the Bible on the first day of my Into to the Old Testament class. He said that we were being invited into the longest ongoing conversation in the history of the world. The conversation between God and his creation.

Read Mark 16:9-20.

I have two very old family Bibles. One belonged to my maternal great-grandmother and the other to a paternal relative. I do not know which one, only that it predates my father’s father. In both instances they simply have Mark 16:9-20 as the completion of the Gospel of Mark. My own Bibles, regardless of translation, indicate that scholars disagree that these verses were penned by Mark. Chances are good that your Bible (particularly if it is a Study Bible) has similar notes and annotations.

Why is this significant? Modern scholarship has settled on the theory that these verses were added to the gospel and are not penned by Mark. The implication is that they are not to be considered original. For many this opens the question of whether they should be held as authoritative. This leads some to conclude if we cannot trust these verses how can we trust any of the rest of the Gospel of Mark; and, if we cannot trust any of the Gospel of Mark, how do we trust any of the scriptures as the authoritative word of God?

Full disclosure: I am not a trained textual critic. What you receive in this post are the reflections of a trained theological thinker and fellow sojourner in the faith. I will seek to explain a little bit of how textual criticism of the Bible works (from an elementary understanding), the conclusions that have been drawn, and a suggest an approach to the last 12 verses of the Gospel of Mark for the believer.

Textual Criticism is the study of the transmission and authenticity of the scriptures. In other words, it is a mostly scientific study of how we got the Bible that we have and whether or not what we are reading is reliably close to the original text.

What we have as the Bible (New and Old Testaments) are copies of copies of copies, because until the advent of the printing press the only way to get a copy of any written document was for someone to make a handwritten copy of the original. Therefore, one of the fundamental principles of textual criticism is that the older a copy is the more likely it reflects the original version. As it happens, two of the oldest total copies of the entire Bible known as Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus (from the 4th century AD), both of which include the entire New Testament written in Greek, do not contain Mark 9-20. This has led many scholars to conclude that these verses were not original to Mark. This is why your modern Study Bible puts brackets around or has footnotes concerning these verses.

This seems reasonable. This is not the whole story.

Allow me to dig a little deeper. The New Testament is the single most well-attested ancient document in existence. What do I mean by that? There are more fragments, sections, complete copies of individual New Testament Books, and entire copies of the New Testament in existence today than any other work from ancient times. And it is not even close. The next most well documented ancient work that is not the New Testament are the writings of Homer. There are just shy of 650 copies of Homer reflecting 95% of the current text dated to within 500 years of the original. We have around 5600 ancient copies of the New Testament reflecting 99.5% of the current text dated to within 200 years of the life of Jesus!

Wow! When you add fragments (portions of a text) and incomplete copies of books or the whole NT the number skyrockets even further. All this is to say the reliability of the New Testament text that you have on your shelf, your nightstand, and on your iPhone is astronomically high. So read with certainty fellow Christians and Seekers!

I will not bore you with a lot of details, a google search and curiosity will give you more than enough information about the 12 verses at the end of Mark’s Gospel. I will point three things that you will learn if you undertake the aforementioned Google search.

One, there are over 1600 copies of Greek manuscripts of Mark that contain verses 9-20 as the conclusion of chapter 16. Two, many 2nd century Christian writers quoted portions of Mark 9-20 indicating that they were familiar with it as a part of the Gospel of Mark and considered it scripture. Three, there are other portions of the New Testament that Codex Sinaiticus omits that no one questions are a part of scripture indicating that the copyist who produced Sinaiticus had an agenda at work perhaps for the intended patron of the copy.

The other argument that is made against 9-20 being original is that it is different in language and grammar from the rest of Mark. This argument falters because other textual critics have pointed out that a person can choose different 12 verse sections of the rest of Mark and conclude that there is a difference in grammar and word choice from the rest of the gospel.

It is true that the Gospel of Mark can end at verse 16:8 without any problems. This has troubled some because the tomb is empty, but the women leave afraid and speaking to no one. Therefore, they conclude that later copyists also concerned about this ending compared to Matthew, Luke and John chose to add another ancient reflection on the resurrection of Jesus to make Mark align more with the other three.

Needless to say, this is all speculation and the stuff of doctoral dissertations!

I suggest the following two conclusions.

Let’s assume for a moment that a later copyist sought to enhance Mark’s gospel with a resurrection appearance (9-20) by borrowing from some other ancient source. If that is the case (and some scholars think that 9-20 is a reading for 1st century churches to use after Easter during worship) then what we have in our New Testament are 6 witnesses to the resurrection instead of 5 (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, and Paul) which would make the story of the empty tomb more authentic not less.

The second conclusion is one that is admittedly faith-based and may not satisfy any critic of the New Testament. I believe that the New Testament remembers the person and significance of Jesus of Nazareth. I believe it shares with us that he was God with us, and that his death and resurrection was the action of God to redeem the entire creation. I believe that the tomb was in fact empty and that in reflecting on this reality the first Christians came to understand that in some way he was YHWH among us. I believe that he has ascended into heaven and has the name above all names. I believe that there is no other name under heaven by which people can be saved. I believe that he intercedes on behalf of believers, and he will come again to usher in the final age of history wherein he shall reign forevermore. Since I believe all of this, it is no small thing to also believe that God can ensure that the 27 books of the New Testament as I have received them are precisely what he wanted me to receive in their entirety.

Finally, is there anything in verses 9-20 that should give me pause?

vss 9-14: Jesus revealed himself alive to Mary Magdalene, the disciples on the road to Emmaus, and the 11 members of the inner circle of Jesus? Check.

vss 15-16: Jesus instructed them to go and preach the gospel and baptize? Check.

vss 17-18: amazing things accompanied them as they followed the command to spread the gospel? Check.

verse 19-20: He sat down at the right hand of the Father and signs and wonders confirmed the preaching of the first Apostles? Check

If verses 9-20 are original to Mark, there is nothing therein that is not in accordance with the rest of scripture that is accepted as authentic and authoritative. If they are not original to Mark, there is nothing therein that is not in accordance with the rest of scripture that is accepted as authentic and authoritative.

We are left with the same outcome.

The tomb is empty. Jesus has risen.

What decision will you make in living your life in response to this truth?

Please consider sharing this site with just one friend.  Remember that if you wish to use this post or any of the others as a bible study, or meditation at the start of a meeting, or for any other purpose all I ask is that you let people know from where you got it in the first place.

1

The Most Significant Person Ever

In the previous post, I suggested that the most significant day in history was the day of the resurrection since it is the only historical day that has significant impact for both the world and the individual. No other day in history until the end of the world is going to be as globally significant.

While at the end of the last post I zoned in on the reality that if Christ rose from the dead, every person has a decision to make. If Jesus rose from the dead, then everything else he said is true. That’s significant.

If Jesus of Nazareth rose from the dead, then he is the most significant person to ever live.

Before we plunge into that pool more deeply, a bit of housekeeping. When I began this blog many years ago, and I fully admit I have been an inconsistent blogger, the outline I was following was simply to go through the gospel of Mark. Not an exhaustive study of Mark but somewhat of an overview. I have reached the end of Mark and so there will be one more Mark centric post after today with a little look at the end of chapter 16 which may or may not have originally been written by Mark. After that I will begin a new and somewhat ambitious journey that the Lord has put on my heart born from a series of Bible Studies I led over the past several years for friends of mine. Normally, I say this at the end but, this blog is freely written and freely given. Share it or even use it for yourself, but please let others know where you got it. If any of the posts herein bless you then share those with friends that they might also benefit. My goal is simply to utilize a gifting and help people understand Jesus better and the Bible along the way.

If Jesus of Nazareth rose from the dead, then he is the most significant person to ever live.

What we read in the New Testament is a series of books that in various ways try to explain the significance of the Resurrected Jesus. The gospels seek to explain this using his words and recollections of his actions leading up to and in some cases after the empty tomb. Acts seeks to explain that significance through stories of how the good news of the resurrection event spread form Jerusalem around the Roman Empire. Pauls’ letters to the various churches and the other epistles all try to answer practical implications for believers all the while sharing the significance of who Jesus is. Finally, the Revelation of John, shares the future return of Jesus but even still seeks to explain what happened because of the Jesus event. So there is a theme running through the entirety of the New Testament.

Here is a small sampling of things said about Jesus in the New Testament:

  • “In Christ Jesus God was reconciling the world to himself” 2 Corinthians 5:19
  • “while we were still helpless, at the right time, Christ died for the ungodly.” Romans 5:6
  • “He is the radiance of His Glory and the exact representation of His nature and upholds all things through the power of His Word.” Hebrews 1:3
  • “He himself will come to have first place in everything for it was the Father’s good pleasure for all the fullness to dwell in him.” Colossians 1:18-19
  • “When I saw him I fell at his feet like a dead man. He placed his right hand on me saying, ‘Do not be afraid; I am the first and the last, and the Living One: and I was dead and behold I am alive forevermore…'” Revelation 1:17-18.
  • “awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ who will also confirm you to the end blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ” 1 Corinthians 1:8

The most significant person to ever live.

I would be remiss if I did not explain two words used so often with Jesus. Christ is the Greek word for Messiah which means “anointed one” and indicates someone on who God has placed a special status or blessing. It is a title and that is why we see it used on either side of the name Jesus by the various writers of the New Testament. Conversely Lord, is from the Greek word kurios, and while it can be used as a title in the sense of master or as a knight might refer to their Queen as “my Lord” in the Greek translation of the Old Testament the word is used almost exclusively for the place of YHWH, the name of God. Scholars argue, but the New Testament makes a lot more sense when we assume that these Jewish writers writing to Greek listeners about the significance of Jesus knew exactly how they would hear it as a statement of divinity.

Back to those verses. In order they lay out these truths of the significance of Jesus. The purpose of Jesus’ death and resurrection was to reconcile God and sinners (Ephesians 2). This happened at the right time in the history of the universe and nothing about us as individuals or a community warranted it (Galatians 4). God anointed Jesus, the Man, with the Spirit and the fullness of who He is (two natures human and divine) and in him we can know the very nature of God (John 1). He has all power and authority (Phillipians2). On the last day those who believe in Him and trust him will be found blameless and like Jesus himself will live forevermore (1 John 2:25).

There you go the theme of the New Testament in 5 verses. You might note that the summary contains references that are different from the verses. I did that so you would know I wasn’t cherry-picking or simply proof-texting. Now let’s go just a little deeper into the concept of a New Testament.

The earliest use of the term New Testament to describe these writings is from the Second century (think years that are in the 100s) and is a translation from Latin. We tend to hear two things from that phrase. One we think testimony because testament is not a word that we use often in English anymore outside of the phrase last will and testament. It is true that testimony is from the same Latin root that we get the word testament. It is also true that there is a “witnessing” element throughout much of the New Testament. There is however another meaning that is locked away in the word.

Back to the example of a will. A will is at its core a covenant agreement. The deceased has shared that these are their wishes after death for the matters of their estate. The covenant is with those who have been named in the will as executor and beneficiaries to carry out those wishes. It is not a contract. Dear old Grandma doesn’t call you in and say here sign with me a contractual promise that when I die you get my rocking chair. No, she has her lawyer write a clause saying Sally I leave you my rocking chair. The expectation is that everyone, including cousin Julie who always wanted the rocking chair, will abide by the wishes of the dearly departed. What does this have to do with the significance of Jesus? The older meaning of the word Testament as it is used in Latin during the second century is covenant.

Covenant is a rich Biblical word. God makes a covenant, most famously with Abraham, but also with Adam, Noah, Moses, and David. They are promises made by God that He pledges to keep regardless of what the other party does. Starting with Adam and going forward these are the pledges of YHWH. To Adam he promises that one day there will be a descendant of humanity that will overcome the curse of sin. Noah is promised that never again will YHWH seek to destroy every living thing and start over. Abraham is promised that his descendants will be as numerous as the stars of the sky. Moses is promised that when it comes to the people who have been brought out of Egypt YHWH will be their God and they will be his people. David is promised that one of his heirs will reign forever.

In Jeremiah, the prophet shares the word of the Lord: “Behold the days are surely coming… when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the people of Judah. It will not be like the covenant that I made with them when I brought them out of Egypt…this is the covenant that I will make… I will put my law in their hearts; I will be their God and they will be my people.”

The New Covenant is promised.

What we call the New Testament is the good news that the New Covenant has begun!

You can read a little more about the time that Jesus made the arrival of the new covenant explicit here.

The second thing we here is concerning the word new. We have been conditioned by marketing to assume that new means better than the old. With the exception of New Coke, there is an assumption that the new formula, the new car model, the new iPhone, etc. is always a replacement of the old. This was also the assumption of many second century Christians. The New Testament replaced the Old Testament. Except that is not true. The promises of God exist eternally so those previous covenants are all still in effect.

In this case the title New Testament is a collective proof that the covenant promised by the prophets has arrived in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

The most significant person to ever live.

A theologian of the last century summarized it thus: “he has assumed human nature… united it to his Divine person so that our humanity belongs to him…. from the standpoint of reconciliation and justification effected in him, it means that, bearing our punishment, achieving the obedience we did not achieve and keeping the faith we did not keep, he acted once and for all in our place.”

Put a different way. Jesus is the one promised to Adam. Jesus is the first born of a new Creation whereby God will make all things new without simply destroying every living thing. Through Jesus the children of Abraham spans millions around the world. Jesus is the one who can keep the covenant law promised to Moses. Jesus is the heir of David who shall reign forever.

The most significant person to ever live.

And one of the great miracles of God is that you can know this Jesus, not like you know George Washington or William Shakespeare or Elenore Roosevelt, but like you know your best friend. Even better, you can know Jesus as you know yourself. It starts with the smallest amount of faith and seeking him while he can be found.

The most significant person to ever live is Jesus.

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The Most Significant Day Ever

What is the most significant day in history?

For Americans, there are lots of contenders whether it be the day the towers fell or the day the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Other Americans might choose the moon landing or the day the Beatles played on the Ed Sullivan show. July 4th,1776, makes a strong case for the most significant day in history.

Other countries and nationalities would have their own days of significance. Days of foundings, of significant battles fought, of independence from colonial powers, all special days awash with extra meaning for those peoples.

Then there are the individual days people might choose when asked the question. The day they were married. The day a loved one died. Maybe even the day that they won the lottery. The least humble among us might suggest their own birthday!

There is only one day in all of human history that is so significant that it is literally celebrated around the world on every continent not just annually but every single week. That is the day Jesus rose from the dead.

Read Mark 16: 1-8

We do not know the exact date with any certainty. We can do a little historical triangulation and narrow it down to a year within the range of 30-34 CE (the renamed A.D.) and we know that because it was around the celebration of Passover we are in the Springtime of year in Jerusalem.

Ancient burial practices being what they were it was common for a body to be buried in a cave in those days and for loved ones and family members to bring spices and anoint the body. This was done to help cover the smells associated with decomposition. Eventually, the bones of the person would be collected and stored in a stone box called an ossuary. This is precisely what Mark says the women were heading out to the tomb to do in the early hours of the morning.

This is one of the ways in which this story with an incredible ending rings true. First, the suggested task of the women is precisely what we would expect to be going on based on what we know about 1 century burial practices in Jerusalem. Secondly, it rings more than a bit true, that none of the men are there because they have left this important yet menial task to the women. No doubt this anointing would have been followed up by going to the well for the daily water supply, getting the “kitchen” fire started for the days cooking and all the other never-ending tasks that fell on their shoulders.

They must have been experiencing a swirl of emotions. Jesus was dead. They had followed him and hung on his words, wondered what it might all mean, worried that they or their husbands, brothers, and friends might also experience retribution at the hands of the Sanhedrin or the Romans. Maybe they felt some resentment that they were having to “fit” this task into the rest of an always busy day. The only thing we do know for certain is that they wondered about how they were going to get into the tomb because there was the matter of the large stone that sealed the entrance.

This is when the story turns to the unexpected.

The stone is already moved away from the entrance! Mark notes that it was extremely large. Now, the ladies are probably thinking that someone else has come to anoint the body. They may have reasoned that one of the disciples had come to pay respects. They may even have considered the possibility that someone was coming to take the body away.

They mustered up the courage to go into the cave without knowing who was in there ahead of them. They were unprepared for what they found.

In our day, the idea that the tomb is empty that Jesus rose is so ingrained in us that we are inoculated from the sense of fear, trembling, and awestruck wonder those women experienced.

“Entering the tomb, they saw a young man sitting at the right wearing a white robe and they were amazed. He said to them ‘do not be amazed; you are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who has been crucified. He has risen. He is not here; behold, the place where they laid him.’“

The word translated as amazed gives the sense of awestruck wonder or befuddlement. It is like the time my son came home from school around the age of 8 to learn that we now had a Wii. His young brain could not wrap itself around what was happening at all. He had gone to school like any other day and when he came home it was now a home with a Wii. What was this new world he was in that something like this could happen.

That is the befuddlement of joy. I think you will agree with me that there was a not inconsiderable amount of fear wrapped up in the astonishment that the two Marys and Salome were experiencing. Angels have this effect on people. American culture pictures angels as beautiful, serene women, who are dressed in white and gold. Oh! and they have wings. Angels, based on scripture, may resemble humans but there must be something fearsome about them because everyone is either astonished or scared in their presence. It must be that they are obviously other-worldly at the sight. We know this because the Angel always has to remind the persons that they manifest before to not be afraid.

Angels do a great many things in the scripture, but when the Angel appears as a herald it is always to clarify that God is acting in the current event. The Angel is there to assure the witnesses that any other “rational” explanation will not do. The Lord God has raised Jesus the Nazarene who was crucified from the dead.

In Greek, like English, the verb to rise has many meanings and connotations. It is used for a person getting up in the morning or for the sun at dawn. It is used for the bringing forth of something new. Just as we might say a new generation is rising. Or in our culture we speak of rising freshman or rising seniors as the students of one year of school matriculate to the next year. Normally in the New Testament the verb is coupled with the word for dead body to indicate someone being raised from the dead, like the times Jesus brought a dead people back to life. The word for dead body is not present here. Not to get too far into the weeds the verb tense is Aorist Passive. That’s fancy talk for something was done to Jesus between the Crucifixion and the Empty Tomb. The one whom Jesus referred to as Father raised him from the dead.

In terms of the meanings of the word Jesus is risen and something new is afoot in the world. Later Christians would come to understand that a new Age was also rising with Jesus. An Age that included Jesus as Lord and Savior for all who would put their faith and trust in him. An Age where salvation is promised to all who profess with their mouth and believe in their hearts that Jesus Christ is Lord. This Age lasts until the God appointed time when Christ returns and the “Age of the World to come” begins. You can read all about the future glories of that Age in Revelation 21 and 22.

The women are told to go and tell Peter and the others to meet Jesus in Galilee. Mark records that they fled with fear and trembling and told no one because they were so afraid and astonished. An empty tomb will do that to you.

They eventually told someone. No doubt later the same day. Maybe it was the second person that asked them what was wrong, maybe the third. Most likely they talked it over amongst themselves and decided that they best do what the Angel told them to do!

The most significant day in the History of the world. Why you say? Two reasons really. One, it is the only day that is both significant for the entire world. If Jesus Christ walked out of the grave then everything that he said about himself is true. It means that when he says that “all power and authority on heaven and earth have been given to me” that that is true. It means that he is the only true Lord and Savior. It means he reigns as the true ruler of every nation and all peoples. It means that there is no other God besides the One.

Two, it means that the day is significant for every single person who hears the story. For if Jesus Christ walked out of the grave then you have a decision to make. Do you believe the story? If so, then there exists roadmap on how to live in the teachings of Jesus. It means you can experience the fruits of the Spirit and life in the Kingdom of God. You can live in the sure and certain hope of the life of the world to come. If you believe, you can trust in the promise of Jesus that he is “the resurrection and the life, those who believe in me though they die yet shall they live.”

But it is a truth that demands a choice. And that makes the day even more significant. Anyone can ponder the day that Battle of Hastings was fought and go on about their lives without making a decision. It matters not what I think about the day Julius Ceasar crossed the Rubicon. The day that Salk perfected is vaccine has no claim upon me to make a decision. The Resurrection does demand a decision.

There is no half-way here. Its either true or it is not. If it is true then time is short for you to decide if you will proclaim Christ as Lord and experience renewal in this life and everlasting life one day. If you choose not to then this life is all there is and to paraphrase the Apostle Paul you will be the most to be pitied.

There is no halfhearted believing either. You cannot simply rely on the historical record and go to Church on the regular and try and be a good person and hope for the best. It is not enough to understand the faith and its ways. It has to be believed. The faith must be lived.

The Christian life is not about knowledge it is about a relationship with a living savior. “He is going ahead of you to Galilee there you will see Him.” Christ is always and forever on the move. God is waiting for you to find him.

Just as there are 2 possible lives (the present one and the prooffered eternal one) there are 2 deaths. The one that ends this life and in the last day the one that is everlasting separation from God.

If you have never called upon the Name of the Lord, do it today. Do it now.

Feel free to use this Bible Study for your own groups or discussion.  It is freely given. If you do I merely ask that you acknowledge where you got it and if you find it useful that you encourage others to seek it out. It is freely given and written with fear, foreboding, and prayer by a fellow hypocrite who is simply trying to figure out the road ahead.

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